Private Limited Company Registration in India

Q: What is the minimum capital required to register a Private Limited Company?

There is no minimum paid-up capital requirement under the Companies Act, 2013. A company can be incorporated with authorised capital of ₹1 lakh and paid-up capital as low as ₹2.

Q: How long does Private Limited Company registration take?

Typically 10 to 20 days from engagement to Certificate of Incorporation. Name reservation takes 1-2 days, DSC 1-3 days, and MCA processes SPICe+ within 3-7 working days.

Q: What is the difference between authorised capital and paid-up capital?

Authorised capital is the maximum share capital stated in the MOA. Paid-up capital is the amount actually issued and paid for by shareholders. Shares cannot be issued beyond authorised capital without filing Form SH-7.

Q: What annual compliance is required for a Private Limited Company?

4 board meetings per year, AGM within 6 months of year-end, AOC-4 within 30 days of AGM, MGT-7 within 60 days of AGM, annual DIR-3 KYC for all directors, and mandatory statutory audit regardless of turnover.

The Most Popular Business Structure for Startups and Growing Businesses — Separate Legal Identity, Limited Liability, and Easy Fundraising

A Private Limited Company (Pvt Ltd) is the most widely chosen business structure in India for startups, SMEs, and businesses seeking external investment. It offers shareholders limited liability protection, a separate legal identity from its owners, perpetual succession, and the ability to raise equity capital from investors — advantages unavailable to sole proprietors and partnership firms.

Incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 and registered with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), a private limited company requires a minimum of 2 directors and 2 shareholders (who can be the same persons). Our end-to-end registration service handles the complete process — from name approval to the Certificate of Incorporation. For related structures, see our LLP registration, One Person Company, and Section 8 Company services.

Our Private Limited Company Registration Services

Name Availability & Reservation

Checking name availability on MCA and filing the RUN (Reserve Unique Name) application or SPICe+ Part A for name reservation before incorporation.

DSC & DIN for Directors

Obtaining Digital Signature Certificates (DSC) and Director Identification Numbers (DIN) for all proposed directors — prerequisites for signing incorporation documents.

MOA & AOA Drafting

Drafting the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA) tailored to the company's business objects and shareholding structure.

SPICe+ Filing

Filing the integrated SPICe+ form covering company incorporation, DIN allotment, PAN, TAN, GST registration, EPFO, ESIC, and bank account opening in one go.

Certificate of Incorporation

Receiving the MCA-issued Certificate of Incorporation — the company's birth certificate — with the Corporate Identification Number (CIN) and commencement of business.

Post-Incorporation Compliance

Completing post-incorporation requirements including first board meeting, appointment of auditor (ADT-1), issuance of share certificates, and statutory register setup.

Key Features of a Private Limited Company

Minimum 2 directors and 2 shareholders required — maximum 200 shareholders
Limited liability — shareholders' personal assets are protected from company debts
Separate legal entity — the company can own property, sue, and be sued in its own name
Perpetual succession — the company continues to exist regardless of changes in ownership
Can receive equity investment from angel investors and venture capital funds
Cannot offer shares to the general public — restricted share transfer is mandatory
Annual compliance includes AOC-4, MGT-7, board meetings, and statutory audit

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the minimum capital required to register a Private Limited Company?

There is no minimum paid-up capital requirement for a private limited company under the Companies Act, 2013. A company can be incorporated with an authorised capital of ₹1 lakh and a paid-up capital of as low as ₹2 (₹1 per share for 2 shares held by 2 shareholders). However, an adequate capital structure should be maintained for operational credibility with banks, vendors, and clients.

How long does Private Limited Company registration take?

With all documents in order, the SPICe+ process typically takes 7 to 15 working days from application to Certificate of Incorporation. Name reservation takes 1 to 2 working days. DSC issuance takes 1 to 3 working days. The MCA processes SPICe+ forms within 3 to 7 working days after submission. Overall, from engagement to incorporation, the process takes approximately 10 to 20 days.

Can a foreigner or NRI be a director or shareholder in a Private Limited Company?

Yes. Foreign nationals and NRIs can be directors and shareholders of an Indian private limited company. A foreign director must obtain a DIN and DSC with their passport as the primary identity document. Shareholding by foreign nationals is subject to FDI regulations under FEMA and the applicable sectoral caps and approval routes. At least one director must be a resident of India (present in India for 182 days or more in the preceding financial year).

What is the difference between authorised capital and paid-up capital?

Authorised capital is the maximum amount of share capital a company is authorised to issue as stated in its MOA — it determines the ROC filing fee at incorporation. Paid-up capital is the amount of share capital actually issued and paid for by shareholders. A company cannot issue shares beyond its authorised capital without first increasing it by passing a resolution and filing Form SH-7 with the ROC.

What annual compliance is required for a Private Limited Company?

A private limited company must: hold at least 4 board meetings per year; hold an Annual General Meeting (AGM) within 6 months of year-end; file audited financial statements in AOC-4 within 30 days of AGM; file the annual return in MGT-7 within 60 days of AGM; file DIR-3 KYC for all directors by 30 September annually; and comply with event-based filings for any changes in directors, capital, or registered office. A statutory audit is mandatory regardless of turnover.

Incorporate Your Private Limited Company Today

End-to-end registration in 10–20 days — name, DSC, MOA/AOA, SPICe+, and Certificate of Incorporation.

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F.A.Q.

What is GSTR-9 and why is it required?

GSTR-9 is an annual GST return that summarizes all transactions reported during the financial year. It is required to ensure proper reconciliation and compliance with GST laws.

Who is required to file GSTR-9?

All regular GST-registered taxpayers are required to file GSTR-9, except composition dealers, casual taxable persons, and non-resident taxpayers.

What is the due date for filing GSTR-9?

The due date is generally 31st December following the end of the relevant financial year, unless extended by the government.

What details are included in GSTR-9?

It includes details of outward supplies, inward supplies, input tax credit claimed, taxes paid, and adjustments made during the year.

Is GSTR-9 mandatory for all taxpayers?

GSTR-9 is mandatory for most regular taxpayers, but certain small taxpayers may get exemptions based on turnover thresholds notified by the government.

What happens if GSTR-9 is not filed on time?

Late filing may result in penalties and late fees, along with potential compliance issues or notices from GST authorities.